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Primers

Guides for key topics in patient safety through context, epidemiology, and relevant AHRQ PSNet content. The Patient Safety 101 Primer provides an overview of the patient safety field and covers key definitions and concepts.

Latest Primers

Clinical decision support systems provide information or recommendations to help clinicians make safe and evidence-based decisions. The use and sophistication of these systems have grown markedly over the past decade,... Read More

UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |

A clinician's individual skill level is an important component of the care delivery system that can influence patient safety—both independently and in conjunction with other system components. Emerging evidence... Read More

UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |

Triggers have become a widely used method of retrospectively analyzing medical records in order to identify errors and adverse events, measure the frequency with which such events occur, and track the progress of safety... Read More

UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |

Greater availability of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques has resulted in tremendous benefits to patients. However, the increased use of diagnostic imaging poses significant harm to patients through excessive exposure to ionizing... Read More

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Displaying 1 - 20 of 71 Results
Displaying 1 - 20 of 71 Results
Clinical decision support systems provide information or recommendations to help clinicians make safe and evidence-based decisions. The use and sophistication of these systems have grown markedly over the past decade, due to widespread implementation of electronic health records and advances in clinical informatics.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
A clinician's individual skill level is an important component of the care delivery system that can influence patient safety—both independently and in conjunction with other system components. Emerging evidence examines assessment, monitoring, and improvement of clinicians' competence as a means of addressing this unique component and ensuring patient safety.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Triggers have become a widely used method of retrospectively analyzing medical records in order to identify errors and adverse events, measure the frequency with which such events occur, and track the progress of safety initiatives over time.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Greater availability of advanced diagnostic imaging techniques has resulted in tremendous benefits to patients. However, the increased use of diagnostic imaging poses significant harm to patients through excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Clear and high-quality communication between all staff involved in caring for a patient is essential in order to achieve situational awareness. Breakdowns in communication are closely tied to preventable adverse events in hospitalized and ambulatory patients.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Efforts to engage patients in safety efforts have focused on three areas: enlisting patients in detecting adverse events, empowering patients to ensure safe care, and emphasizing patient involvement as a means of improving the culture of safety.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
The vast majority of health care takes place in the outpatient setting, and a growing body of research has identified and characterized factors that influence safety in office practice, the types of errors commonly encountered in ambulatory care, and potential strategies for improving ambulatory safety.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Patient safety event reporting systems are ubiquitous in hospitals and are a mainstay of efforts to detect safety and quality problems. However, while event reports may highlight specific safety concerns, they do not provide insights into the epidemiology of safety problems.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
Computerized provider order entry systems ensure standardized, legible, and complete orders, and—especially when paired with decision support systems—have the potential to sharply reduce medication prescribing errors.
Ulfat Shaikh, MD, MPH, MS |

Patient safety events that occur in health care facilities require prompt action to ensure that further harm is mitigated, and future errors are prevented. Using a standardized and robust organizational approach to respond to such events promotes a culture of patient safety. Steps in responding to patient safety events include reporting, investigation, communication, remediation, data tracking, and system improvement. This Patient Safety Primer will focus on communication, remediation, and system improvement.

Verna Gibbs, MD and Patrick Romano, MD, MPH |

A retained surgical item (RSI) is a surgical patient safety problem stemming from ineffective practices and communication strategies among healthcare professionals working in a complex, stressful environment. RSI prevention efforts should focus on improving surgical item management and enhancing effective communication among members of the healthcare team.

Matthew Scanlon, MD, MS and Nancy Jacobson, MD |

Safety I and Safety II are perspectives on how to think about systems and safety. Safety I defines safety as having as few things go wrong as possible whereas the Safety II perspective defines safety by as many things going right as possible. This primer describes the historical foundations of Safety I/II, compares the principles of each perspective, and provides examples of how they can be applied by healthcare organizations.  

Irina Tokareva RN, BSN, MAS, CPHQ and Patrick Romano, MD, MPH |
The concept of failure-to-rescue (FTR) captures the idea that many complications of medical care are not preventable, but health care systems should be able to rapidly identify and treat complications when they occur.
UC Davis PSNet Editorial Team |
The opioid epidemic has taken the lives of tens of thousands of patients. Much of the epidemic can be ascribed to inappropriate prescribing of opioids, despite knowledge of the safety risks they pose. Current efforts to improve opioid safety have primarily focused on safe opioid prescribing.
The widespread implementation of electronic health records has caused a sea change in health care and in medical practice. The digitization of health care data has had some positive effects on patient safety, but it has also created new patient safety concerns.