Hospital leadership oversight is thought to be critical for advancing patient safety initiatives. This narrative review synthesized 122 studies examining the role of hospital board oversight in fostering safety practices. Investigators found that high-performing hospitals are more likely to have skilled board members and standardized board processes compared with low-performing hospitals, highlighting the value of effective and committed leadership that prioritizes quality and safety improvement. However, more research is needed to determine optimal hospital governance. A past AHRQ WebM&M interview discussed the role of leadership and medical administration in patient safety.