Clinical decision making is a complex process that can be influenced by a variety of factors. This cross-sectional study included 304 general practice physicians in the United Kingdom and explored the association between risk literacy (a physician’s ability to understand numerical statistical information, such as relative vs absolute risk, related to medical interventions) and prescribing of potentially hazardous drugs. The analysis found that practitioners with higher risk literacy prescribed significantly fewer potentially hazardous drugs (e.g., opioids, gabapentin, benzodiazepines) compared with physicians with low risk literacy; antibiotic prescribing was similar between the two groups.