Using existing research, this review discusses the pros and cons of implementing computer physician order entry (CPOE). The authors provide an introduction to CPOE development before presenting a detailed account of its reported benefits and costs. Tables illustrate the various outcomes measured with CPOE use, including the impact on ordering blood tests, radiology studies, and medications. The authors also present challenges in estimating costs associated with design, use, and support for such programs. Finally, the authors recommend considering a series of issues, which they enumerate, before organizations commit to CPOE implementation.