Hand hygiene adherence is a key target for improving patient safety. This guideline offers an overview of evidence-based strategies to monitor and promote hand hygiene, including resources developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization's "5 moments" program. The authors provide detailed practice recommendations to increase hand hygiene compliance as a way to reduce health care–associated infections. The guideline is one of the 2014 infection control compendium updates published in the journal.