Patients are increasingly encouraged to take an active role in their own safety during hospital care. Some have criticized this strategy for shifting responsibility for patient safety. AHRQ, The Joint Commission, and other organizations have developed resources for patients to help prevent medical errors. This review identified 17 studies exploring the use of health information technology to increase patient engagement during inpatient care. Interventions ranged from efforts focused purely on engaging patients through entertainment to providing sophisticated personalized decision support. The authors conclude that the current literature leaves considerable gaps in knowledge regarding patient engagement in the hospital setting. A recent AHRQ WebM&M perspective discussed the opportunities and limitations of involving patients in safety.