Resident participation in surgery is important for education purposes, but tensions exist between ensuring trainee competency and patient safety. This study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to compare postoperative outcomes for patients with and without resident participation in surgery. The authors found no difference in mortality or severe complications and a small increase in mild complications, mostly owing to slightly more superficial surgical site infections; operative time was approximately 25 minutes longer for resident surgeries. They conclude that resident involvement in surgical procedures is safe.