Improving clinical reasoning is an important component of medical education. Using a medical malpractice claims database, researchers in this study reviewed 50 conditions identified 15 priority conditions that can be used to improve clinical reasoning education for general practitioners. The conditions represent common (e.g., eye infection), complex common (e.g., renal insufficiency, cardiovascular disease, cancer), and complex rare conditions (e.g., ectopic pregnancy) and often demonstrate atypical presentations or complex contextual factors important for diagnostic reasoning.