The foundational science of learning health systems.
Learning health systems (LHS) build functions, networks, and processes to use data, information, evidence, and knowledge to implement change and, ultimately, sustain improvements. This commentary proposes an updated scientific agenda for funding agencies to support LHS to align research with healthcare organization and Quintuple Aim goals. It describes research topics within each foundational method (implementation, data, engagement, systems, and policy sciences) and their benefits to end-users.