Exposure to incivility does not hinder speaking up: a randomised controlled high-fidelity simulation-based study.
Prior studies have demonstrated rudeness and incivility undermines patient safety. In this study, hospital staff participated in a simulated scenario with scripted, randomly assigned responses to speaking up (civil, pseudo-civil, or rude). Unexpectedly, participants were more likely to speak up following the rude response than either the civil or pseudo-civil responses. The authors describe potential reasons for this unexpected finding.