Safety culture surveys of health care workers are often used to determine whether programs or interventions improve patient safety. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture score, a widely used metric for safety culture, and the Consumer Reports Hospital Safety Score, calculated using a combination of patient experience and adverse event data by an independent nonprofit organization. Among 164 hospitals in the United States, higher staff perceptions of safety culture were associated with better overall safety, as measured by a composite of reported harms and patient satisfaction. These results lend support to continued measurement and reporting of safety culture. A recent PSNet perspective provided insights for organizations seeking to achieve culture change.