This book examines the influence of professional, national, and organizational cultures on shaping individual attitudes, values, and team interactions in both aviation and medicine. The research comes largely from research on culture and teamwork in aviation, but the intended audience clearly includes those interested in error reduction in health care, and many of the cases and vignettes discussed come from medicine. In recent years, the importance of teamwork and organizational culture has gained increasing attention within health care, especially within patient safety. This book provides an introduction to these topics and also contains ample material that will likely be new for those already familiar with the area.